List comprehensions kind of work, so
>>> L = [3,4,5,2,4,3,5,6,3,2,1,0]
>>> [ i for i in L if i < 2 ]
[1, 0]
But that gives us the values, not the index. Combining them
>>> [ L.index( i ) for i in L if i < 2 ]
[10, 11]
appears to work. Is that what you want?