OK, thanks for the update.
Check everything by connecting to the Internet from your Good Windows hard drive.
As long as it still connects, then the CD hasn't modified the settings on the Modem itself.
To let you understand, these Gateway Modems are more than just Modems. They contain a whole load of configuration settings that include firewall settings, log files, diagnostics, etc, and are usually accessible from your Internet Browser by entering the Modem's internal IP Address. This is what I posted a while back, but then told you to hold off meantime:
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Just out of curiosity, and in case it may be needed, could you test and see whether you are able to open your Modem's Internal Property Pages in Internet Explorer by pasting the following into the Address Bar and clicking the Go button:
http://192.168.0.1/If prompted for a password, try entering your Comcast connection password, "admin", or the unique ID number on a sticker underneath the Modem. If it opens, then just close it without making any changes at all. This was just a test. Many ISPs prepare these modem diagnostic pages and don't tell you the passwords so that only they can connect remotely to them and troubleshoot issues. Don't try fooling around too much if those passwords don't open the pages.
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In fact, just Right-Click on the link above and choose "Open in New Window" (or "New Tab" for IE7).
These Modems come from the ISP with preconfigured settings that relate to their own connections. It could be that you have to separately configure the settings because of the way you are connecting the Good Windows and the Bad Windows as though they were separate computers each time, or as though you had a Dual-Boot PC that you were shutting down and rebooting alternately.
If two separate computers were connected through the Router stage together as a home network, then they would each be assigned to the same Workgroup, but would have different Computer Names by which they are identified. Usually you can just plug in the Ethernet Cable to the Modem's input and it sets itself up ready for use.
I'm afraid that when it gets to this stage of networking I have to yield to those experts who have more experience with MAC Addresses, Subnet Masks, etc. than I do.
Has it been suggested so far running the IPCONFIG command from a Command window while booted to each of the hard drives, and comparing the output?
Try this, where X: is the drive letter of a USB Flash Drive currently connected:
ipconfig /all > x:\ipconfig_01.txt
Boot to the other hard drive, connect the Flash Drive, and run:
ipconfig /all > x:\ipconfig_02.txt
If you upload the two results files perhaps someone may spot a difference and interpret it.