Archive will function like that, and move the selected mails to a local .pst archive file (off the server) but I'm not sure thats what you want.
Do you want the old mails left on the server, or would it simply make sense to configure outlook to download everything, and throw the messages before acertain date into dleted items where they can be disposed of?
Need a little more info on what you want, and hoping its not "leave all mail on the server and only look stuff newer than"
You can do that with a POP profile that leaves messages on the server, and a local rule that deletes all mail older than.